In an era where sustainability is increasingly critical to business operations, the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has introduced the new IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, to meet investors’ information needs. These standards, which came into effect on January 1, 2024, aim to create a unified global baseline for sustainability reporting.
The IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards represent a significant advancement in sustainability reporting. By providing a consistent framework for disclosing sustainability-related financial information, these standards aim to enhance transparency, comparability, and accountability in corporate sustainability practices. This shift aligns with the broader trend of integrating material environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into business decision-making and investor assessments, marking a crucial development in the field of sustainability reporting.
IFRS S1 outlines the general requirements for disclosing sustainability-related financial information, requiring companies to provide information about their sustainability strategy, governance, and performance within the context of their overall business strategy.
IFRS S2 focuses on climate-related disclosures, recognising the critical importance of climate change on companies’ financial performance. Companies must provide information on their governance of climate-related risks and opportunities, detailing the board’s oversight and management’s role. The standard requires disclosures on how climate-related risks and opportunities are integrated into the company’s strategy and financial planning, including the potential impacts of different climate scenarios on the business model and operations.
The introduction of the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards is expected to significantly impact companies across all sectors. To meet the new standards, companies will need to enhance their data collection and reporting capabilities, which may require substantial investment in systems and processes. They must also ensure that their sustainability disclosures are integrated with financial reporting, providing a holistic view of their business performance. This move towards greater transparency and accountability is likely to increase scrutiny from investors, regulators, and other stakeholders, putting pressure on companies to improve their sustainability practices.
The IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards have received strong support from market regulators and jurisdictions worldwide. The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) endorsed the standards, urging its 130 member jurisdictions to consider incorporating them into their regulatory frameworks for consistent and comparable sustainability disclosures. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) also welcomed the ISSB standards, emphasizing their importance for achieving globally consistent disclosures.
Several jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Nigeria, and Japan, have indicated their plans to adopt the ISSB standards. This broad international support reflects a growing consensus on the need for standardized sustainability disclosures to address global sustainability challenges.
Despite the widespread support, the new standards have faced criticism. Some argue that the IFRS standards may not go far enough in addressing the broader impacts of corporate activities on society and the environment, focusing instead on financial materiality. This single-materiality approach contrasts with the European Union’s double-materiality perspective, which requires companies to report on both financial impacts and their broader environmental and social impacts.
There are concerns about the cost and complexity of implementing the new standards, particularly for smaller companies and those in developing economies. Detailed data collection and reporting requirements may impose significant administrative and financial burdens, potentially diverting resources from other critical sustainability initiatives. However, IFRS S2 provides reliefs to mitigate these concerns. For instance, it allows companies to use reasonable and supportable information available at the reporting date without undue cost or effort and accommodates the use of estimation. The standard also permits companies to report in a manner that matches their skills, capabilities, and available resources. These flexibilities are designed to make compliance more feasible and less burdensome for companies.
While the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards promise to revolutionise sustainability reporting by enhancing transparency, comparability, and accountability, significant challenges and criticisms remain. It will be crucial to monitor their adoption and implementation across jurisdictions and industries to determine if they can drive the necessary changes to address global sustainability issues.