Carbon storage technology provider 44.01 has signed off-take agreements worth $11.7 million with buyer coalition Frontier to permanently remove 20,932 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) between 2028 and 2031.
The transaction marks Frontier’s first commercial purchase of carbon removal utilizing in-situ mineralisation, transitioning 44.01’s proprietary underground mineralization technology from pilot testing to commercial-scale deployment.
Frontier facilitated the procurement on behalf of corporate buyers including Stripe, Google, Shopify, Autodesk, H&M Group, and Workday, along with buyers participating via Watershed’s procurement partnership.
The commercial agreement builds on initial pre-purchases completed by Stripe and Shopify in 2022.
Key project specifications and technology mechanisms include:
- In-situ mineralisation process: Dissolves captured biogenic CO₂ in water and injects the solution into reactive underground rock formations, where natural geochemical reactions turn the gas into solid carbonate minerals.
- Continuous operations transition: Moves 44.01 from short-duration injection campaigns to multi-year continuous operations, generating operational data on injection rates, water usage, and cost efficiency.
- Geological expansion: Provides permanent storage options in locations with reactive rock geology where conventional sedimentary basins or shared pipeline infrastructure are unavailable.
- Dual-track application: Complements 44.01’s industrial decarbonization initiatives, including an active pilot project with cement manufacturer Holcim in the United Arab Emirates.
Talal Hasan, Chief Executive Officer of 44.01, stated that the agreement validates turning captured CO₂ into rock as a viable carbon removal method, enabling the company to focus on scaling operations and reducing unit costs.
Hannah Bebbington Valori, Head of Frontier, added that supporting in-situ mineralisation expands the global storage map, making permanent carbon storage feasible in regions inaccessible to conventional geological reservoirs.
Operational data derived from the project will inform larger commercial deployments across both carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and heavy industry decarbonization sectors.
